アメリカにおける平均寿命の格差の体系的分析

Laura Dwyer-Lindgren¹, Mathew M Baumann², Zhuochen Li²

¹Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Lancet (London, England)

|November 24, 2024

まとめ

アメリカにおける平均寿命は,地理と人種によって定義される10の"アメリカ"にわたる大きな格差を示しており,特にCOVID-19のパンデミックの間,格差は著しく拡大しています.

科学分野:

人口の健康
医療の公平性に関する研究
健康の社会人口学的決定要因

背景:

"8つのアメリカ"の研究では地理,人種,収入によって平均寿命のギャップが大きく見られました
これらの格差は,米国の人口内の持続的な健康格差を強調しています.

研究の目的:

2000年から2021年の平均寿命の動向を調査し",8つのアメリカ"の研究を更新し,拡大する.
年齢,性別,年齢を考慮して,定義された10の集団におけるこれらの傾向を分析する.

主な方法:

人種,民族,地理,社会経済的要因に基づいて相互に排他的な"アメリカ"を10つ定義しました.
死亡率と人口推定のための国家生命統計システムと米国国勢調査局のデータを活用した.
生まれた時の平均寿命と様々な年齢間隔を計算するために,縮小された寿命表を作りました.

主要な成果:

10つの"アメリカ"にわたる平均寿命の格差は大きく,2000年の12.6歳から2021年の20.4歳に拡大している.
COVID-19 パンデミックはこれらのギャップを悪化させ,特定の集団の平均寿命が著しく減少しました.
傾向は"アメリカ",性別,年齢によって変化し,一部のグループは減少し,他のグループは改善した.

結論:

アメリカでの平均寿命は場所や経済状況や人種・民族のアイデンティティによって大きく影響を受けます
健康上の不平等と健康不良の原因に対処する緊急の必要性を強調しています
対象を絞った分析は政策や資源配分を決定的に重要にしアメリカ人の長寿と健康的な生活を促進します

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