米国における生物学的薬と小分子薬の法的保護の違い
Olivier J Wouters1, Matthew Vogel2, William B Feldman3,4
1Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom.
JAMA
|November 25, 2024
まとめ
生物学的薬剤と小分子薬剤は 開発期間とコストが似ていますが 生物学的薬剤は 市場での独占性が長くなります これは米国の法律が小分子薬よりも 生物学的開発に過剰な報酬を与える可能性があることを示唆しています
科学分野:
- 医薬品と薬物開発
- 医療経済と政策
背景:
- 生物学的薬は12年間 市場独占権を与えられ 小分子薬は5年間 市場独占権を与えられ 7年間はMedicareの交渉から 免除されます
- これらの異なる法的保護は,生物学的薬剤はより多くの開発時間と資源を必要とし,特許保護が弱いという前提に基づいています.
研究 の 目的:
- 生物学的薬と小分子薬の間の 経験的証拠を分析する.
- 生物学的薬品の市場独占と交渉保護の延長に伴う仮定を評価する.
主な方法:
- 開発時間,臨床試験の成功率,研究開発コスト,特許保護,市場独占,収益,治療費用に関する最近のデータ分析
- 2009年から2023年の間に米国食品医薬品局 (FDA) によって承認された生物薬品と小分子医薬品の比較.
主要な成果:
- 生物学的薬剤と小分子薬剤は,開発期間の中央値 (12.6 vs 12.7年) と開発コスト ($ 3.0B vs $ 2.1B) が類似している.
- 生物学的薬は臨床試験の成功率が高く,特許が著しく増加した (14 vs 3),競争期間が長くなった (20.3 vs 12.6年),ピーク収入が高くなった ($1.1B vs $0.5B),年平均治療費が高くなった ($92K vs $33K).
結論:
- 生物学的薬剤に与えられた市場独占権と交渉保護期間を支える証拠は限られている.
- アメリカの法律は,小分子薬と比較して,生物学的な開発に不釣り合いな報酬を与えるようです.これは,開発に関する誤った仮定による可能性があります.
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