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関連する概念動画

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

658
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
658
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

951
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
951
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.0K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.0K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

846
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
846
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

3.0K
Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
3.0K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

1.6K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

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栄養素主導のヒストンコードは,CD8+ T細胞の運命を決定する

Shixin Ma1, Michael S Dahabieh2, Thomas H Mann1

  • 1NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 12, 2024
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

枯渇したT細胞 (TEX) は栄養分代謝を再プログラムし,アセテートからシトラートに切り替えます. この代謝シフトはヒストンのアセチル化を変化させ,T細胞の枯渇と抗腫瘍免疫に影響を与え,新たな治療標的を提示する.

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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

204
Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 代謝経路
  • エピジェネティクス

背景:

  • 消耗したT細胞 (TEX) は,抗がんおよび抗ウイルス反応を損なう代謝および表遺伝的変化を示します.
  • TEXの分化を制御するエピジェネティック変異を制御する栄養素代謝の正確な役割は完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • CD8+ T細胞の枯渇過程で,栄養素代謝が表遺伝的変化にどのように影響するかを調査する.
  • TEXの表遺伝子構造の調節に関与する特定の代謝経路と酵素を解明する.

主な方法:

  • TEXにおける代謝プロフィールの分析,アセテートとシトラートの利用に焦点を当てた.
  • アセチル-コア合成酵素2 (ACSS2) とATP-シトラートライアース (ACLY) のような主要な酵素の活性評価
  • ヒストンのアセチル化パターンと,TEXにおける遺伝子発現との相関を調べる.

主要な成果:

  • TEX細胞は,ACSS2をダウン調節し,ACLYの活性を維持することによって,アセテートよりもシトラートを使用します.
  • シトラート代謝は,KAT2A- ACLYの相互作用によって,TEX特異的な遺伝子のヒストンアセチル化を強化する.
  • P300 - ACSS2複合体によって媒介されるアセテート代謝は,エフェクタとメモリT細胞の遺伝子のアセチル化を減少させる.
  • ACSS2の過剰発現やACLYの抑制により,TEXの分化が逆転し,抗腫瘍T細胞の活性が強化された.

結論:

  • 栄養素に指示されたヒストンのコードがCD8+T細胞の分化を調節する.
  • 代謝経路の標的化 (ACSS2/ACLY) は,抗腫瘍T細胞の反応を強化する戦略を提供します.
  • この発見は,T細胞機能不全に対する新しい代謝および表遺伝療法の開発に意味を持つ.