最古の現代人のゲノムは ネアンデルタール人の混入のタイミングを制限しています
Arev P Sümer1, Hélène Rougier2, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco3,4
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. arev_suemer@eva.mpg.de.
Nature
|December 12, 2024
まとめ
約4万5千年前のヨーロッパで 初期の現代人は ネアンデルタール人と結びつけられました 遺伝子の分析により これらの古代人は 深いアフリカ外系に属していたことが判明しました
科学分野:
- パレオゲノミクス
- 人間 の 進化
- ヨーロッパ史前史
背景:
- 現代のヒト (ホモ・サピエンス) は 4万5千年以上前にヨーロッパに到着し ネアンデルタール人と千年にわたって共存しました
- 過去のゲノムデータは,少なくとも2つの異なる初期の現代人グループ (Zlatý kůňとBacho Kiro) を示した.
研究 の 目的:
- ドイツのイルセンホーレと チェコのズラティ・コンの 古代ゲノムを分析し ヨーロッパにおける 初期の現代人集団を理解しました
- 初期の現代人の遺伝的関係と人口構造を調査する
主な方法:
- 約4万5千年前の 人間の遺骸の全ゲノム配列解析
- 古代DNAの生物情報分析で 家族関係とネアンデルタール人の混入を 調べる
主要な成果:
- ラニス族とズラティ・コニ族は 遠くの親戚で 孤立した小さな集団に属していた.
- この集団は,アフリカ外の系統から最も深い分岐を示しています.
- ラニスのゲノムに含まれる ネアンデルタール人のDNAセグメントは 4万5千〜4万9千年前の 単一の混ぜ合いの出来事を示し,非アフリカ人のすべてで共有されています.
結論:
- ヨーロッパで最も初期の現代人は 単一で非常に異なった集団に属していました
- この発見は 4万5千年から4万9千年前の 非アフリカ人の共通の祖先を 示唆しています
- アフリカ以外では5万年以上前の 初期の現代人の遺骸が 異なる集団を代表している可能性があります
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