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関連する概念動画

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.0K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.0K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.2K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.3K
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.0K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.0K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

6.9K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
6.9K
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

862
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
862

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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双方向ヒストンのモノアミニレーションダイナミクスは神経リズムを調節する

Qingfei Zheng1,2, Benjamin H Weekley3, David A Vinson3

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine and Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Nature
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

トランスグルタミナーゼ2 (TG2) は,ヒストンH3をGln5で,ヒスタミニル化を含む様々な化学グループで改変する. このエピジェネティックマークは 遺伝子発現,昼夜リズム,脳内の行動を制御します

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Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Author Spotlight: Enhancements in Gene Expression Regulation Research
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科学分野:

  • エピジェネティクス
  • 神経科学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • Gln5 (H3Q5) のヒストンH3モノアミニレーションは,脳内の遺伝子発現のための重要な表遺伝的マークです.
  • トランスグルタミンゼ2 (TG2) は,H3Q5のセロトニル化 (H3Q5ser) とドパミニル化 (H3Q5dop) を触媒化し,染色体の状態に影響を与えます.

研究 の 目的:

  • セロトニル化とドーパミニル化以外のH3モノアミニル化におけるTG2の役割を調査する.
  • 脳内のH3Q5ヒスタミニレーション (H3Q5his) の機能を調査する.
  • 昼間の遺伝子発現と行動の規制メカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • TG2の酵素活性を決定する生化学的測定法
  • H3Q5の変異を分析するためのクロマチン免疫流出.
  • 動物モデルにおける遺伝子発現,昼夜リズム,行動に関する研究.

主要な成果:

  • また,TG2はH3Q5hisを含むH3モノアミニレーションの消去剤および交換剤としても機能する.
  • H3Q5hisは,脳の昼間リズムを示し,昼間遺伝子の発現と行動に影響を与えます.
  • H3Q5hisは,H3Q5serとは異なり,WDR5結合を阻害することによって,H3K4メチルトランスフェラーゼの活性に敵対する.

結論:

  • TG2は化学信号を統合して表遺伝子状態を調節し 神経リズムに影響を与えます
  • H3Q5モノアミニレーションは,TG2によって調節されるダイナミックな表遺伝子層を表します.
  • 異なるH3Q5変異の相互作用により 遺伝子発現と神経機能が微調整されます