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陸上での気候緩和が脊椎動物多様性に対する生息地に及ぼす影響
Jeffrey R Smith1,2, Evelyn M Beaury1,2,3, Susan C Cook-Patton4
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
まとめ
森林再生などの陸上での気候変動緩和戦略は生物多様性にとって有益ですが,植林とバイオエネルギー作物は生息地の喪失を引き起こす可能性があります. 種に悪影響を及ぼさないためには,慎重に配備することが不可欠です.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 保護生物学
- 気候変動科学
背景:
- 純炭素排出ゼロ戦略には,森林再生,植林,バイオエネルギー作物などの大規模な土地利用の変更が含まれます.
- これらの陸上での気候緩和アプローチは,気候規制を通じて生物多様性に間接的に恩恵を与えると考えられています.
研究 の 目的:
- 陸上での気候変動緩和戦略が脊椎動物種の生息地に及ぼす直接的・間接的な影響を評価する.
- 世界の生物多様性を損なうことなく,これらの戦略をどのように,どこで実施できるかを特定する.
主な方法:
- 14,234種の脊椎動物の気候と生息地の要求をモデル化した.
- 異なる陸上戦略における種の生息地への生息地転換と気候緩和の影響を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 気候緩和戦略が種の生息地に与える影響は主に生息地転換によるもので 気候緩和自体によるものではない.
- 森林再生は,土地の覆面の変化と気候の恩恵により,一般的に生息地の面積を増やす.
- 植林とバイオエネルギー作物は 気候緩和の利点を上回るので 生息地の損失を伴うことが多いのです
結論:
- 陸上での気候変動緩和戦略は 生物多様性に複雑で多様な影響を及ぼします
- 植林やバイオエネルギー作物と比較して 森林再生は生物多様性にとって より一貫して有益なアプローチを提供します
- 戦略的プランニングは地球規模の生物多様性を損なうのではなく 支援する形で陸上での緩和努力を展開するために不可欠です
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