温暖化と冷却は,生物多様性の広範囲にわたる時間的転移を触発する

Malin L Pinsky^1,2, Helmut Hillebrand^3,4,5, Jonathan M Chase^6,7

¹Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. mpinsky@ucsc.edu.

Nature

|January 29, 2025

まとめ

種の構成は温度が急激に変化する地域ではより速く変化します微小気候の避難場所が少ないか人間の影響が大きい生態系は気候変動に最も脆弱です

科学分野:

エコロジー
生物多様性科学
気候変動に関する研究

背景:

種組成の時間的な変化は,生態コミュニティに大きな影響を及ぼします.
異なる分類と環境における転移率の変動の要因を理解することは極めて重要ですが,依然としてほとんど不明です.

研究の目的:

異なる生態系における温度変化と種の転移率との関係を調査する.
温度変動に対する生態学的コミュニティの感受性を悪化させる要因を特定する.

主な方法:

海洋,陸地,淡水の生態系から 42,225 種の構成の時間系列の分析.
温度変化率と時間的な種の転移の相関の統計的評価

主要な成果:

温度が急激に変化する地域 (温暖化と冷却の両方) で,時間的な種の転移率は一貫して高かった.
限られた微小気候の避難地や重要な人間の影響を受けた生態系は温度変化に反応しやすくなり十年で48%もの種が置き換えられた.
気候変動に対する広範な脆弱性の兆候が特定されました

結論:

温度の変化は様々な生態系における種の転移の主な要因です
微小気候の利用可能性と人間の影響は気候変化に対する生態系の感受性を高めます
気候変動の加速と人間の影響は生態系の完全性と生物多様性に対する重大な懸念を提起しています

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