アマゾン南西部のコロンブス以前の都市化を支えたトウモロコシの単一栽培
Umberto Lombardo1,2, Lautaro Hilbert3,4, McKenzie Bentley5,6
1Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Umberto.Lombardo@uab.cat.
Nature
|January 29, 2025
まとめ
アマゾニアの古代カサラベ文化は 洗練された景観工学を用いて 一年中 集中的にトウモロコシを栽培していました 排水運河と農場池を備えたこの農業システムは 都市規模の社会を支えたようです
科学分野:
- 考古学
- 古代植物学
- 環境科学
背景:
- ボリビアのラノス・デ・モクソスのカサラベ文化 (西暦500年−1400年) は,モニュメントの丘と複雑なインフラを持つコロンビア以前のアマゾンの都市主義を表しています.
- 玉米の栽培が示唆されているが,その主食としての地位とこの都市社会を支える農業システムは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- カサラベの文化では トウモロコシが主食だったか
- 都市規模の社会を維持するために採用された農業農業システムを特定する.
主な方法:
- リモートセンシングとフィールド調査の統合
- 微生物学的分析,特に178の土壌サンプルの植物性分析.
- 排水された畑,農場池,森林地帯の土壌プロフィールの分析.
主要な成果:
- カサラベ文化は 排水運河や水管理のための 農場池を設計した.
- トウモロコシ (Zea mays) は,コロンブス以前の畑や農場の池に広く存在していました.
- 森林地帯での農業の証拠は見つかりませんでした.
結論:
- カサラベ文化は,景観管理を通じて一年中集中的なトウモロコシの単一栽培を実施しました.
- この農業制度は 都市部の人口を支えてきたようです
- 発見はアマゾンの農業に関する 伝統的な見解に異議を唱え 新石器時代のような穀物ベースの経済を提示しています
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