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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing
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哺乳類のゲノムにおける構造変異の複合生成と単細胞分析

Sudarshan Pinglay1,2,3, Jean-Benoît Lalanne1, Riza M Daza1,3

  • 1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 30, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は,哺乳類のゲノムにおける構造変異 (SV) を研究するためにGenome-Shuffle-seqを開発した. この新しい方法は,数千のSVを効率的に生成し,遺伝子発現に対する機能的な影響を理解するのに役立ちます.

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Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
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Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq

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09:45

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Multiplexed Single Cell mRNA Sequencing Analysis of Mouse Embryonic Cells
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Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクス
  • 分子生物学
  • 哺乳類の遺伝学

背景:

  • 哺乳類のゲノムにおける構造変異 (SV) の機能的影響の研究は,その頻度が低く,特徴づけの方法が発達していないため困難である.
  • モデルシステムでSVを生成し,マッピングするための既存のテクニックは限られています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 哺乳類のゲノムにわたる数千のSVのマルチプレックス生成とマッピングのための新しい方法を開発する.
  • SVの遺伝子発現への影響を測定するために,SVのアイデンティティと単細胞のトランスクリプトームの同時評価を可能にします.

主な方法:

  • ゲノム・シャッフル・セック (Genome-Shuffle-seq):多重生成と多様なSV (削除,逆転,転位,染色体外サークル) のマッピングのための方法.
  • 単細胞のトランスクリプトミクスを使って SVの同一性を同定する.

主要な成果:

  • 哺乳類のゲノムに何千もの SVs を生成し,マッピングしました.
  • 単細胞レベルでの遺伝子発現プロファイルとSVのアイデンティティをリンクする能力を示した.

結論:

  • Genome-Shuffle-seqは,SVの機能的な影響を体系的に調査するための強力なツールを提供します.
  • この方法は,SVが遺伝子発現,クロマチン,核構造に及ぼす影響に関する研究を容易にし,最小限の哺乳類のゲノムへの道を開きます.