古代のゲノムと家畜の起源,拡散,進化
Kevin G Daly1,2, Victoria E Mullin1, Andrew J Hare1
1Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
まとめ
古代の羊 (Ovis aries) のゲノムは複雑な起源と 毛皮の色や成長のような特性を 早期の羊飼いの選択で示しています 後のヨーロッパの羊は,銅器時代の西洋の草原の祖先の流入を示しています.
科学分野:
- 考古遺伝学
- 動物の飼いなら
- 古代のゲノム学
背景:
- 家畜羊 (Ovis aries) の進化史と早期の分散は,まだ完全に解明されていない.
- 羊の史前時代を理解することは ユーラシア全土で 初期の人類の牧畜と農業の発展を追跡する上で 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 古代のゲノムデータを用いて 家畜羊の起源と繁殖を再構築する.
- 初期の羊群の遺伝的多様性と選択的圧力を調査する.
- ユーラシアの羊の祖先の構成要素と移動パターンを特定する
主な方法:
- ユーラシアから1万2000年に及ぶ 118の古代羊のゲノムを分析しました
- 人口構造と祖先を推論するための比較ゲノム分析
- 特定の特徴の選択のゲノムシグネチャーの識別
主要な成果:
- 中央トルコ (紀元前8000年) の羊のゲノムは,国内産に近いが,すべての後の祖先を説明することはできず,野生の影響のモザイクを示している.
- ゲノムデータは 古代の牧民による 肌の色素化,角化,成長率などの特徴の選択を明らかにしています
- 初期のヨーロッパの羊群はトルコに起源があり,青銅器時代には西部の草原に関連する祖先が発見されました.
結論:
- 家畜の羊は,野生の祖先の複雑な混合物から生まれ,初期の中心はアナトリアでした.
- 古代の放牧者は 特定の表型特性を積極的に選択し 羊のゲノムを形作りました
- ユーラシア大陸の羊の散布には,西の草原からの顕著な青銅時代の流入を含む複数の移住イベントが含まれていた.
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