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関連する概念動画

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

11.8K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
11.8K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.2K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.2K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.6K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.6K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.3K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
4.3K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

8.3K
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
8.3K
Introduction to Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes02:24

Introduction to Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes

7.7K
The double bond in a simple, unconjugated alkene is a region of high electron density that can act as a weak base or a nucleophile. The filled π orbital (HOMO) of the double bond can interact with the empty LUMO of an electrophile. A bonding interaction occurs when the electrophile attacks between the two carbons; the electrophile then accepts a pair of electrons from the π bond and undergoes addition across the double bond, yielding a single product.
Addition and elimination...
7.7K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 29, 2025

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

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電気触媒によるアルケンの水素化/デュテレーション

Faxiang Bu1, Yuqi Deng1, Lijun Lu1

  • 1College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 4, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,危険な高圧水素ガスを避け,水を水素源として使用するアルケンの還元のための普遍的な電気触媒法を示しています. この緑色化学のアプローチは,様々なアルケーンと複雑な分子に高い収穫量を提供します.

さらに関連する動画

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

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関連する実験動画

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

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Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

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科学分野:

  • 有機化学
  • 緑の化学
  • 電気化学

背景:

  • ステキオメトリック還元剤や触媒性水素化などの伝統的なアルケンの還元方法は,廃棄物発生と高圧水素ガスのために環境と安全性に関する懸念を引き起こします.
  • 有機合成におけるアルケンの還元に 持続可能で安全な代替方法が必要である.

研究 の 目的:

  • アルケンの電気触媒による水素化とデュテレーションのための普遍的で環境に優しい方法を開発する.
  • 水 (H2O) と重水 (D2O) を環境条件下で水素とデュテリウムの持続可能な供給源として利用する.

主な方法:

  • 改造された電極を用いたアルケンの電気触媒的還元.
  • H2O/D2Oを改変した電極で電解することによって活性金属水化物 (M-H) と金属二酸化物 (M-D) の生成.
  • 周囲の温度と圧力の条件は,H2またはD2ガスの必要性を回避します.

主要な成果:

  • モノ,ジ,トリ,テトラ置換,電子提供/取り除く,その他の還元可能な機能群を含む幅広いアルケンの成功的還元とデュテレーション.
  • 複合的な天然製品や薬剤を含む85種のサンプルで,高い収穫率 (最大99%) を達成した.
  • 84%に達する優れたファラデー効率と,0.01mol%未満に触媒金属負荷の有意な減少.

結論:

  • 開発された電気触媒法は,アルケンの水素化とデュテレーションのための安全で効率的で汎用的なアプローチを提供します.
  • この方法は,廃棄物と安全上の危険を最小限に抑え,従来の削減技術に持続可能な代替手段を提供します.
  • 低触媒負荷と高効率により,学術研究と産業用途の両方にとって有望な技術です.