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インド・ヨーロッパ人の遺伝的起源
Iosif Lazaridis1,2, Nick Patterson3,4, David Anthony5,6
1Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. lazaridis@fas.harvard.edu.
Nature
|February 5, 2025
まとめ
ヤムナヤ民族は,銅器時代のアナトリア人に影響を与えたコーカサス下ヴォルガ (CLV) の集団に由来する. この研究は,古代DNAを用いてヤムナヤ語起源を追跡し,原インド・アナトリア語統一と結びつけています.
科学分野:
- 考古遺伝学
- 人口遺伝学
- 言語学
背景:
- ヤムナヤ複合体は紀元前3300年ごろにポントス・カスピの草原で誕生し,紀元前3000年頃には大きく拡大した.
- ヤムナヤの起源を理解することは,初期のヨーロッパとアナトリアの人口移動と言語的発展を追跡するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- ヤムナヤ考古学的複合体の起源を特定するために 関連エネオリティック人口からの古代DNAを分析します
- ヤムナヤの祖先の遺伝的貢献と 西方への拡大を調査する.
主な方法:
- 石器時代と青銅時代の435人の古代DNA分析
- 集団の混合と遺伝子フローをモデル化するための遺伝子クラインの構築.
- 遺伝子データと考古学・言語学的証拠の比較
主要な成果:
- カフカスの下ヴォルガ (CLV),ヴォルガ,そしてドニプロの3つの異なる遺伝的クラインが特定された.
- カウカスの狩猟採集者の祖先であるCLV族は,ヤムナヤ族の祖先の主要な源泉であった (約. 80%) でした.
- ヤムナヤ族の祖先は紀元前4000年頃に形成され,紀元前3750年以降は急速に成長した. CLVの人々はまた,青銅時代のアナトリア人にも貢献した.
結論:
- ヤンナヤ複合体は,CLV集団と東洋の狩猟採集者の混合イベントから発生した.
- CLV集団は,おそらく紀元前4400年から4000年の間に,原インド・アナトリア語話者の最終的な統一を表している.
- 遺伝データは,ヒッタイト語話人口に影響を与えるアナトリアにおけるCLVの影響の東向きの起源を支持しています.
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