気候変動対策の強化により 炭素排出量を削減するために アメリカの農業を変革
David J Beerling1, Euripides P Kantzas2, Mark R Lomas2
1Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. d.j.beerling@sheffield.ac.uk.
Nature
|February 5, 2025
まとめ
農場での粉砕された岩を使って大気から二酸化炭素 (CO2) を取り除く. この方法は,米国で2050年までに排出量をゼロにするのに大きく貢献します.
科学分野:
- 地球と環境科学
- 気候科学
- 農業科学
背景:
- 強化された気象処理 (EW) は,農地でのシリケート岩の気象処理を利用した二酸化炭素除去 (CDR) 戦略です.
- 農業用地における電子機器の普及は,2050年までに排出ゼロの目標を達成する上で重要な要素となるでしょう.
- 以前の評価は,EWの可能性を強調しましたが,資源の制限を考慮した詳細な州別分析は欠けていました.
研究 の 目的:
- 州別レベルでのEWの潜在的な炭素吸収を定量化する.
- CDR戦略としてのEWの長期的実行可能性と費用対効果を評価する.
- 空気の質への影響など,EWの副利益を評価する.
主な方法:
- 資源の利用可能性と米国各州の農地データを含めた詳細な炭素循環分析
- 河川と海洋システムにおける溶解物輸送の地化学的評価
- ロジスティック・ジオロジカルな要因を考慮して,アメリカ全土に広がる電磁気発電のコストを空間的に分析した.
主要な成果:
- 米国では2050年までに年間0.16~0.30GtのCO2を吸収し,2070年までに年間0.25~0.49GtのCO2を吸収することができる.
- EWから溶けた製品は,世代間のCDRの可能性を示し,効果的な輸送を示しています.
- CDRコストは2050年までに約100-150tCO2-1に減少すると予測されており,初期コストはより高い.
- 地下オゾンと二次エアロゾールの潜在的一時的な減少が示された.
結論:
- 改善された気象は アメリカが2050年の排出ゼロ目標を達成するために 実現可能な見過ごされたイノベーションです
- 排出量削減の代わりにはならないが,コストの低下でCDRの大きな可能性を秘めている.
- 公共の意識,公平性,大規模なEW産業の動員に関するさらなる研究が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Bioremediation
18.1K
Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
18.1K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.1K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.1K
The Carbon Cycle
36.9K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
36.9K
C4 Pathway and CAM
45.2K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
45.2K
The Calvin Benson Cycle
4.4K
Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
4.4K
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
7.8K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
7.8K


