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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Habitat Fragmentation02:31

Habitat Fragmentation

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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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What is Conservation Biology?01:57

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Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
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What is Biodiversity?01:19

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Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
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Conservation of Small Populations02:04

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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Overview
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Updated: May 28, 2025

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アウトソーシングによる森林伐採による地球規模の生物多様性損失

R Alex Wiebe1, David S Wilcove2,3,4

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. rwiebe@princeton.edu.

Nature
|February 12, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

発展途上国は 森林の脊椎動物を大量に 消費することで 森林の脊椎動物を大量に 消費しています この研究は,アウトソーシングによる森林伐採の影響を受けた世界的な生物多様性ホットスポットをマッピングし,集中した,しばしば地域的な影響を明らかにしています.

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科学分野:

  • 環境科学
  • 保護生物学
  • グローバル エコロジー

背景:

  • グローバリゼーションは,土地利用を通じて生物多様性の喪失などの環境コストを外部化することを可能にします.
  • 他の国の生物多様性損失に対する消費の影響を理解することは不完全です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 2001年から2015年にかけての森林の脊椎動物の世界的な範囲の損失を定量化する.
  • この損失は24の先進国の消費パターンによる 森林破壊に起因しています
  • 国際的なサプライチェーンを通じてアウトソーシングされた生物多様性喪失のグローバルホットスポットを特定する.

主な方法:

  • 森林の脊椎動物の世界的な範囲の損失を量化した.
  • 森林破壊による生物多様性の減少は 24の先進国で消費に起因しています
  • これらの国際的影響の地理的集中をマッピングした.

主要な成果:

  • 駆動国では 国内よりも国外での 累積的な種の絶滅が 多いのです
  • 国際的な生物多様性への影響は地理的に集中し,アウトソーシングによる損失の世界的なホットスポットを生み出しました.
  • 外部の影響は近隣の地域における種に最も大きく,いくつかの遠い影響も認められた.

結論:

  • 発展途上国では 農業・林業製品の消費によって 生物多様性の損失が大きく外包されています
  • これらのアウトソーシングによる損失をマッピングすることは グローバルな保全課題を理解し 緩和するために不可欠です
  • 消費に駆られる森林伐採は,世界中の森林の脊椎動物,特に世界のサプライチェーンに供給する地域にとって重大な脅威です.