鳥のパリアル細胞の種類と構造の発達起源と進化
Bastienne Zaremba1, Amir Fallahshahroudi1, Céline Schneider1
1Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
まとめ
鳥の脳の進化は 抑制性ニューロンが保存されているが 刺激性ニューロンが 部領域に分散していることを示している. 遺伝子の発現は哺乳類の脳領域に類似しており,認知機能の収束進化を示唆している.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 進化生物学
- 比較解剖学
背景:
- 鳥のは高度な認知能力に 欠かせない
- 細胞の構成と進化を理解することは 鳥の知能の鍵です
- 哺乳類と爬虫類との比較分析は 進化の洞察を与えてくれます
研究 の 目的:
- 鳥のの細胞組成と進化を調査する
- 哺乳類や爬虫類の神経細胞と 鳥類の神経細胞を比較する
- 遺伝子発現パターンとその機能と発達との関係を探求する.
主な方法:
- 鶏,ネズミ,爬虫類以外の動物からの細胞型アトラスを利用した.
- 鳥のパリアルニューロンの遺伝子発現プロファイルを分析した.
- 鳥のニューロン遺伝子発現と哺乳類の脳領域 (クラウストラム,ピリフォームム皮質) を比較した.
主要な成果:
- 鳥のは他の胎児類とほとんどの阻害性ニューロンタイプを共有しています.
- 興奮性ニューロンタイプは胎児の海馬部に保存されているが,他の場所では分散している.
- 鳥類のメソパリウムニューロンは哺乳類のクラウストラム/深層皮質に似ており,ニドパリウムニューロンはピリフォームド皮質に似ています.
- 開発中にハイパーパリウムとニドパリウムの間に観察された遺伝子発現の収束.
結論:
- 鳥のパリウム進化には 保存型と分散型の両方のニューロンタイプが含まれています
- 特定の鳥のパリアル領域は,哺乳類の皮質領域と遺伝子発現の類似性を示しています.
- 発達的な遺伝子発現の収束は,厳格なトポロジカルな位置から独立して機能的な可塑性を示唆している.
関連する概念動画
Determination
18.0K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
18.0K
Cellular Differentiation
2.5K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
A zygote is a...
2.5K
Gastrulation
56.3K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
56.3K
Convergent Evolution
27.4K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
27.4K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation
5.0K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
5.0K


