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Updated: May 28, 2025

Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations
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Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations

Published on: January 4, 2018

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エチレンに富んだ流れにおけるアセチレンの選択的化学ループ燃焼

Matthew Jacob1, Huy Nguyen1, Rishi Raj1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

ビスマウト酸化物 (Bi2O3) を用いたエチレン (C2H2) 流におけるアセチレン (C2H4) の選択的化学ループ燃焼は,C2H2を効果的に除去してポリメリゼーション要件を満たします.

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Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes02:37

Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
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