関連する実験動画

Updated: May 27, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

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終結したトランスクリプトの部位における内生DNA損傷

Jingjing Liu1,2, Jullian O Perren3,4, Cody M Rogers5

  • 1Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Nature
|February 19, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

研究者達は 転写の終結に関連した 新しいDNA損傷の源を発見しました この発見は遺伝子発現時に DNAがどのように損傷を受けると明らかにし 癌や老化に関する研究に潜在的に影響を及ぼします

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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