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関連する概念動画

Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

634
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
634
Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

1.4K
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
1.4K
Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

530
When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
530
Hot Weather Concreting01:20

Hot Weather Concreting

423
Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
423
Cold Weather Concreting01:27

Cold Weather Concreting

484
When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
484
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

1.7K
Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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極度の温度耐久性のために,水素ゲルで水素ロック

Xiaochen Zhang1, Dong Li1, Xuxu Yang2,3,4,5

  • 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Ago-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 27, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

研究者たちは 極端な温度下での水素ゲルの安定化のために "水素鎖"を開発しました この方法は,ポリマーネットワーク内の水を固定し,脆性を防止し,115°Cから143°Cまでの柔軟性を維持します.

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A Freeze-Thawing Method to Prepare Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol Hydrogels Without Crosslinking Agents and Diflunisal Release Studies
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関連する実験動画

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Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • ポリマー化学
  • バイオテクノロジー

背景:

  • 水凝土は,水蒸発または凍結により硬化および脆くなる可能性のある水で膨らんだポリマーネットワークです.
  • 温度変動は,ヒドロゲルの安定性と適用に重大な課題をもたらします.

研究 の 目的:

  • 広範囲の温度範囲でヒドロゲルの安定性を高めるため,新しい戦略を導入する.
  • 極端な熱条件下でのヒドロゲルの性質の保存におけるヒドロロッキングの有効性を実証する.

主な方法:

  • 水素ゲルポリマーネットワーク内の水分を固定し,硫酸を使用して堅固な結合を作成します.
  • 主要なポリマーネットワークを 構造崩壊から保護するために 犠牲のネットワークを組み込む.
  • モデルシステムとしてアルギナートポリアクリラミド二重ネットワークヒドロゲルを利用する.

主要な成果:

  • ハイドロゲルの柔らかさと伸縮性が維持されました.
  • ハイドロゲルは -115°Cから143°Cまでの極端な温度範囲で顕著な安定性を示した.
  • この方法は様々なヒドロゲルと溶液で有効であることが証明された.

結論:

  • ハイドロロッキングは,ヒドロゲルの温度による分解を防ぐための堅固な解決策です.
  • この技術は,極端な温度下での材料と生物学的標本の保存と観察に幅広い意味を持っています.
  • この戦略は,ヒドロゲルアプリケーションの動作温度窓を大幅に拡張します.