Jove
Visualize
お問い合わせ
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
JoVEについて
概要リーダーシップブログJoVEヘルプセンター
著者向け
出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿
図書館員向け
推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experimentsアーカイブ
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教員リソースセンター教員サイト
利用規約
プライバシーポリシー
ポリシー

関連する概念動画

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

6.0K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.0K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

9.9K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
9.9K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

5.3K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
5.3K
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

8.7K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
8.7K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

7.8K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.8K
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

24.0K
DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
24.0K

こちらも読む

関連記事

共著者、ジャーナル、引用グラフによってこの研究に関連する記事。

並び替え
Same author

Rational design of T-DNA vectors enables predictable, single-copy integration in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cell division timing shapes the morphology and size of nascent multicellular organisms.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Injury in Pentosan Polysulfate Exposure: Morphologic Changes, Phagocytic Deficits, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The fitness costs of reproductive specialization scale inversely with organismal size.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

The limits of information in precise regulation of early multicellular life cycles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Oncogenic Alterations in PI3K Signaling Emulated Optogenetically Recapitulate Some Phenotypic Changes in Mammary Epithelia.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: How cooperation built the world.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Deep-sea oddities and boatloads of other new species - June's best science images.

Nature·2026
Same journal

From cloning to gene-editing: the enduring legacy of Dolly the sheep.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Time to give hydration breaks the red card? What science says about keeping cool.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Universities are relying on AI-detection software to catch cheating. How well do the programs work?

Nature·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: 'Cyborg' cockroaches breathe underwater with printed suit.

Nature·2026
関連記事をすべて見る

関連する実験動画

Updated: May 24, 2025

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

13.9K

多細胞性の長期進化実験におけるゲノム複製

Kai Tong1,2,3,4, Sayantan Datta5,6, Vivian Cheng5,7

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. kaitong@bu.edu.

Nature
|March 5, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

全ゲノム複製 (WGD) は,多細胞性のために選択された酵母で急速に進化し,即時の健康上の利点のために持続し,さらなる適応を可能にしました. この研究は,WGDを明らかにしています.

さらに関連する動画

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

10.9K
Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction
09:15

Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: July 12, 2022

4.5K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 24, 2025

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

13.9K
Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

10.9K
Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction
09:15

Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: July 12, 2022

4.5K

科学分野:

  • 進化生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • イーストの研究

背景:

  • 全ゲノム複製 (WGD) は ユカリオットで一般的であり,進化を駆動する.
  • ポリプロイドゲノム不安定は,WGDの起源と持続性を理解する上で課題となる.
  • WGDの進化的動態,特に適応におけるその役割は,経験的調査を必要とする.

研究 の 目的:

  • 特定の選択的圧力下でのサッカロマイセス・セレヴィシアの全ゲノム複製 (WGD) の急速な進化と長期的な持続性を調査する.
  • WGDが発生し,維持され,多細胞環境での適応を容易にするメカニズムを理解する.
  • 長期の実験的進化の環境における WGD の進化的結果に関する経験的洞察を提供すること.

主な方法:

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiaeとの多細胞性長期進化実験 (MuLTEE) を利用した.
  • 合成再構築と生体物理モデリングを適用し,テトラプロイディを分析した.
  • テトラプロイディアの健康効果と維持を評価するために,対抗選択実験を行いました.

主要な成果:

  • ディプロイド酵母は,より大きな多細胞体の選択により,50日以内にテトラプロイドが急速に進化した.
  • テトラプロイド酵母菌は ゲノム不安定にもかかわらず 5,000世代以上存続しました
  • テトラプロイジは細胞のサイズとクラスター形成を増加させ,その持続性を維持することで,即座にフィットネス上の利点をもたらした.
  • テトラプロイディは,アヌプロイディによる多細胞性の進化を含む,さらなる適応を容易にした.

結論:

  • WGDは,特定の環境条件下で即座に適応する利点を提供することで,急速に進化し,持続することができます.
  • 選択はWGDを積極的に維持し,二重性への典型的な逆転を克服し,長期的な進化的イノベーションを可能にします.
  • WGDは遺伝的多様性を増やし,新しい進化の経路を可能にすることで,新しい適応のための重要なファシリテーターとして機能します.