Guangbin Chen1,2, Yanguang Sha2, Ke Wang2

  • 1Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University, Wuhu, CHN.

Cureus
|March 7, 2025
PubMed

高齢者人口の増加に伴い、総胆管結石症および急性胆管炎の発症率が上昇しており、加齢に伴う生理的変化や複数の併存疾患により、診断および治療上の特有の課題が生じている。本包括的レビューでは、高齢患者におけるこれらの疾患の管理に関する現在のエビデンスと最新の知見を統合し、特に診断の革新、治療戦略、および周術期の最適化に焦点を当てる。高度な画像診断技術やAI支援システムを含む診断モダリティの最近の進歩により、早期検出の精度が向上した。一方で、低侵襲介入、特に内視鏡的逆行性胆管膵管造影(ERCP)および腹腔鏡下総胆管探査術(LCBDE)は、包括的な周術期ケアと組み合わせることで優れた治療成績を示している。多職種連携アプローチおよび個別化治療戦略の導入は、患者の転帰を著しく改善しており、早期の抗菌薬投与、慎重な術式の選択、および術後回復促進プロトコルの実施が、罹患率と死亡率の低下に重要な役割を果たすことがエビデンスにより支持されている。総胆管結石症および急性胆管炎を患う高齢患者の最適な管理には、高度な診断技術、低侵襲介入、および包括的な周術期ケアを組み込んだ体系的かつ個別的なアプローチが必要であり、今後の研究では、年齢特有の治療アルゴリズムの開発および新規治療アプローチの検証に焦点を当てるべきである。

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