静止しているように見える摩擦界面の滑りと治癒
Krittanon Sirorattanakul1, Stacy Larochelle2,3, Vito Rubino4,5
1Seismological Laboratory, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. krittanon.pond@gmail.com.
Nature
|March 13, 2025
まとめ
地震の断層にあるような摩擦のインターフェースは 静止しているように見えても ゆっくりと滑り落ちています 10−12 m/sまで測定されたこの連続した動きは,古典的な摩擦モデルに異議を唱えます.
科学分野:
- 地理科学
- エンジニアリング
- トリボロジー
背景:
- 摩擦界面は 生物学的結合から地質学的断層に至るまで システムにおいて極めて重要です
- 運動の値としての静的摩擦の古典的な概念は議論されている.
- Rate-and-state摩擦モデルは,連続した滑り方を予測し,しばしば人工物として見られます.
研究 の 目的:
- 一定の負荷下で名目的に静止している摩擦インターフェースの振る舞いを調査する.
- 界面が古典的に定義された静的摩擦の値を下回るかどうかを判断する.
- 摩擦モデルとの実験的観測を調和させる.
主な方法:
- デジタル画像の相関を用いて,正確なインサイトインターフェース測定を行います.
- 摩擦界面に恒常的な切断と通常の負荷を適用する.
- スリップ速度を10−12 m/sまで測定する.
主要な成果:
- 静止型インターフェースは,古典的な静止摩擦の値以下でも滑り出します.
- 測定された滑り速度は時間とともに減少し,10−12 m/sまで低下する.
- 実験結果は,レートと状態の摩擦予測と一致し,古典的なモデルと矛盾しています.
結論:
- 古典的な静的摩擦概念は,インタフェースの動作を説明するのに不十分です.
- 速度と状態の摩擦は 連続的ですが ゆっくりと 滑り方を予測します
- 滑り率の減少はインターフェースの回復を示し,地震や滑りなどの将来の滑りイベントに影響を与えます.
関連する概念動画
Static and Kinetic Frictional Force
15.5K
One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
15.5K
Rolling With Slipping
4.7K
Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can...
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can...
4.7K
Frictional Force
6.9K
When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
6.9K
Types of Friction Problems
500
Friction is an essential concept in physics, engineering, and everyday life. It is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion between two surfaces in contact. One of the most common types of friction encountered in various applications is dry friction. Dry friction problems can be broadly categorized into three types, each with unique characteristics and challenges.
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion....
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion....
500
Dry Friction
325
Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
325
Kinetic Friction
878
Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
878


