地中海の降雨は,高時間の変動が傾向ではない

Sergio M Vicente-Serrano^1,2, Yves Tramblay³, Fergus Reig^4,5

¹Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain. svicen@ipe.csic.es.

Nature

|March 13, 2025

まとめ

地中海の降水量は,気候モデルの予測にもかかわらず,1871年から2020年まで安定しています. 観測された変動は主に自然の大気動態によるもので,長期的な傾向によるものではありません.

科学分野:

気候科学
環境科学
水学

背景:

気候モデルでは地中海では降水量が大幅に減少すると予測されています
観察されたデータは最近の減少を示唆し,一部の研究はこれを人間の影響に起因している.
地中海の長期の降水傾向と変動性については,対立する見解がある.

研究の目的:

地中海地域における1871年から2020年までの降水量の変化を包括的に評価する.
地中海の降水傾向に関する矛盾する発見を調和させる.
人為的な影響と対比する内部変動の役割を評価する.

主な方法:

この地域で最も広範な降雨データセット (27か国の23,000以上のステーション) を利用した.
1871年から2020年までの降水データを分析した.
モデル相互比較プロジェクト第6段階 (CMIP6) のシミュレーションと比較した.

主要な成果:

地中海の降水量は1871年から2020年までの間,ほとんど静止しています.
多十年間および年間での有意な変動が観察されました.
特定期間の傾向は,長期の気候変動ではなく,大気動態と内部変動に起因している.

結論:

地中海地域の降水量は,いくつかの気候モデルの予測に反して,長期の静止状態を示しています.
観測された降雨の変動は,主に自然の大気動力学によって引き起こされる.
気候変動のホットスポットにおける環境,農業,水資源の計画には決定的だ.

さらに関連する動画

09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

8.6K

10:28

Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information

Published on: June 13, 2020

5.7K

関連する概念動画

01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

1.6K

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

1.6K

01:12

Precipitation Processes

359

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

359

01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

4.5K

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...

4.5K

01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

535

Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...

535

01:16

What is Climate?

18.1K

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.

18.1K

01:50

Global Climate Change

24.0K

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.