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Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation,...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

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Overview
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Updated: May 21, 2025

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

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調節された体性高変異は,抗体の親和性の成熟を促進する.

Julia Merkenschlager1,2, Andrew G T Pyo3, Gabriela S Silva Santos4

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. julia_merkenschlager@hms.harvard.edu.

Nature
|March 20, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

B細胞は細胞分裂中の変異率を調整することで,抗体の親和性成熟を最適化します. 高い親和性を持つB細胞は より多く分裂しますが 遺伝子を保ち 免疫反応を改善します

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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes
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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 21, 2025

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes
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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 分子生物学
  • 細胞生物学

背景:

  • 発芽中心はB細胞の親和性成熟の重要な場所です.
  • ソマティック・ハイパーミューテーションは,免疫グロブリン遺伝子のランダムな変異を導入する.
  • 高変異率は有害な変異を引き起こし,抗体の成熟を阻害する.

研究 の 目的:

  • B細胞の親和性の成熟を最適化する理論的モデルを研究する.
  • B細胞の変異率が 抗体の親和性によってどう変化するのかを理解する.
  • 高親和性B細胞系を保護するメカニズムを調査する.

主な方法:

  • 理論モデルの実験的検証
  • SARS-CoV-2ワクチンとモデル抗原でマウスの予防接種.
  • B細胞サイクルの段階と変異率の分析

主要な成果:

  • 実験データは理論モデルと一致する.
  • 高親和抗体を生成するB細胞は,より短いG0/G1細胞サイクルフェーズを示します.
  • 高親和性B細胞は細胞分裂毎の変異率が低下しています.

結論:

  • B細胞の親和性の成熟は,変異率の動的調整によって最適化されます.
  • 細胞サイクルの短縮と変異率の減少は,高親和のB細胞系統を保護する.
  • これらの適応メカニズムは,抗体反応の全体的な有効性を高めます.