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関連する概念動画

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 20, 2025

Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
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P-ループのNTPase RUVBL2は,真核生物全体で保存されている時計成分である.

Meimei Liao1, Yanqin Liu1,2, Zhancong Xu1,3

  • 1National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.

Nature
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ユカリオットの昼夜時計は,ATPアザの活性が著しく遅いRUVBL2酵素を利用する. この発見は,RUVBL2が種間で保存されている成分であることを明らかにし,遅いATP水解が生物学的時計の共通の特徴であることを示唆しています.

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In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
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科学分野:

  • クロノバイオロジー
  • 分子生物学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • ユーカリオットの昼夜時計は 保存された構造を共有しているが 共通の分子祖先がない.
  • RUVBL2酵素は,哺乳類の昼間の相と振幅に影響することが知られている.

研究 の 目的:

  • ユーカリ生物の昼夜時計におけるRUVBL2の役割を調査する.
  • RUVBL2が昼夜リズムに影響するメカニズムを決定する.

主な方法:

  • マウスの昼間運動リズムに対するRUVBL2変異のスクリーニング
  • 野生型RUVBL2のATPアゼ活性を測定する酵素測定法
  • RUVBL2のオートログとコアクロックタンパク質の間の物理的な相互作用の分析.

主要な成果:

  • RUVBL2は,非常に遅いATP酵素活性 (約13個のATP分子/日) を通して昼夜周期に影響を与えます.
  • RUVBL2の突然変異は,不律性,短期間性,長期間性フェノタイプを含む,日中リズムの変化を示した.
  • RUVBL2のオルトロジは,ヒト,ドロソフィラ,およびニューロスポラのコアクロックタンパク質と相互作用し,クロック機能を保存している.

結論:

  • RUVBL2は,真核生物の昼夜時計の共通のコアコンポーネントとして確立されています.
  • シアノバクテリアで以前に観察された遅いATPアゼ活動は,真核生物の時計の共通の特徴です.
  • この発見は様々な生命体で 時間を保持するメカニズムの存在を示唆しています