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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

Glial Cells

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Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

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Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
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Updated: May 15, 2025

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Published on: August 9, 2013

周回神経系のマイクログリアのような細胞は,進化の過程でニューロンのソマサイズを調節する.

Zhisheng Wu¹, Yiheng Wang², Wei-Wei Chen³

¹Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Immunology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.

|April 8, 2025

まとめ

研究者達は神経管外神経系 (PNS) のマイクログリアのような細胞を発見しました神経細胞のサイズと機能の調節に不可欠な細胞ですこれらの細胞は,中枢神経系 (CNS) のマイクログリアと似ており,神経細胞の発達と進化に不可欠です.

キーワード:

PNS マイクログリア進化についてマクロファージマイクログリアマイクログリアのような細胞マイクログリア系ニューロンの発達ニューロンの体積外部マイクログリア外周神経系

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 15, 2025

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Published on: August 9, 2013

Isolation and Culture of Rodent Microglia to Promote a Dynamic Ramified Morphology in Serum-free Medium

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Published on: March 9, 2018

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

科学分野:

神経科学
免疫学
進化生物学

背景:

ミクログリアは中枢神経系 (CNS) の重要な免疫細胞です.
歴史的に,マイクログリアは,外周神経系 (PNS) に存在しないと考えられていた.

研究の目的:

PNSにおける新しいマクロファージ集団を特定し,特徴づけること.
このPNS細胞群の起源,機能,進化的意義を調査する.

主な方法:

PNSマクロファージのトランスクリプトミックとエピジェネティックプロファイリング.
脊椎動物24種を対象とした遺伝分析です
ニューロンの発達とサイズ調節に関する機能的研究

主要な成果:

PNSマクロファージ集団,PNSマイクログリアのような細胞が特定されました.
これらの細胞は,CNSのマイクログリアと分子および発達プロフィールを共有しています.
PNS マイクログリアのような細胞は,神経 soma サイズと軸索の成長を調節し,その存在は脊椎動物における神経 soma サイズと相関しています.

結論:

この研究は,PNSが中枢神経のマイクログリアに匹敵することを明らかにした.
PNS マイクログリアのような細胞は,発達と進化の間にニューロンの体積を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
神経系におけるマイクログリア関連細胞の分布と機能を再定義しました