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関連する概念動画

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

5.9K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.3K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.1K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

17.3K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 21, 2025

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
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In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

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局所特有のレトロトランスポゾン活性を再プログラムして新しいDNA部位に

Christopher W Fell1,2,3,4, Lukas Villiger4, Justin Lim4

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature
|April 9, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

研究者はSTITCHRという 新しいシステムを設計し 精密で傷跡のない ゲノム編集を実現しました このレトロエレメントベースのツールは,分裂する細胞と分裂しない細胞の両方で,標的の位置に遺伝物質を効率的に挿入することを可能にします.

さらに関連する動画

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
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Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 21, 2025

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
08:54

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクスと分子生物学
  • レトロトランスポゾン 生物学
  • 遺伝子編集技術

背景:

  • 非長期末端リピート (非LTR) レトロトランポゾンは,真核生物のゲノム進化の主要な原動力である.
  • これらの移動的な遺伝要素はしばしば特定の繰り返しのゲノム領域に統合されます.
  • レトロトランスポーソンの正確な標的メカニズムと限界は,まだ完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しいサイト固有のレトロトランスポゾンファミリーを発見し,特徴づけること.
  • レトロトランスポーザンの挿入偏好と再ターゲティングの可能性を調査する.
  • 精密で傷跡のないゲノム統合のための 新しいプラットフォームを設計する

主な方法:

  • 新しいレトロトランポゾン族を特定するために計算パイプラインを利用した.
  • 特定されたレトロトランスポゾンメンバーの生化学および細胞プロファイリングを実行した.
  • リトロトランポゾン-CRISPR融合システム (STITCHR) を設計して ターゲットに挿入した.

主要な成果:

  • 新しいサイト固有のレトロトランスポゾンファミリーを発見し,新しい挿入の好みを示した.
  • R2レトロトランポゾン (R2Tg) を成功裏に再ターゲティングして 傷跡のないペイロードを挿入しました
  • STITCHRを開発し,最大12.7kbの編集,遺伝子交換,RNAテンプレートの使用を効率的に可能にした.

結論:

  • STITCHRは傷跡のない プログラム可能なゲノム工学の 汎用性のあるプラットフォームです
  • このシステムは研究と治療の両方で応用の可能性を示しています.
  • このアプローチは,先進的な遺伝子編集のために,LTR以外のレトロトランポゾンの自然な流行を活用します.