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関連する概念動画

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.1K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.1K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

12.9K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
12.9K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.3K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.6K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

9.1K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
9.1K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 13, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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デザイナーの触媒を有効にしたRegiodivergentヒストンのアセチル化

Tamiko Nozaki1, Mayu Onoda1, Misuzu Habazaki1

  • 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

科学者は,ヒストンH2Bに精密に表遺伝子マーク (ヒストンの翻訳後の改変) を加えるための地域選択的触媒を開発した. この発見により 遺伝子調節と細胞機能の 詳細な研究が可能になりました

さらに関連する動画

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
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Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

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Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
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Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 13, 2025

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10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

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Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
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科学分野:

  • エピジェネティクスと分子生物学
  • クロマチンの生物学
  • 化学生物学

背景:

  • ヒストンの翻訳後の改変 (PTMs) のシステムであるヒストンのコードは,クロマチンの構造と遺伝子発現を制御する.
  • 特定のPTMの機能的影響を理解するには,生体細胞に正確な改変導入のためのツールが必要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ヒストンH2Bの特定のライシン残基を標的としたヒストンアセチル化のための地域選択的触媒の設計と開発.
  • ヒストン改変触媒における地域選択性を支配する設計原理を解明する.
  • 異なるヒストンH2Bアセチル化パターンの細胞および分子上の影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 分子ダイナミクスシミュレーションを用いて,触媒と核細胞の相互作用を分析した.
  • 地域選択性のための触媒構造を精製するために,体系的な実験的最適化を使用した.
  • 標的ヒストンアセチル化の効果を評価するために生化学および細胞測定を行った.

主要な成果:

  • ヒストンH2Bの異なるライシン残基 (K43,K108,K120) を標的にする3つの地域選択的触媒を開発した.
  • 地域選択性のための主要な設計原則を特定し,触媒効果地域から対象外残留物の排除を強調した.
  • H2Bにおける特定のライシンアセチル化が,ニュクレオソーム相互作用分子結合,転写プログラム,および細胞現象型に特異的に影響することを実証した.

結論:

  • 地域選択ヒストンアセチル化触媒の設計のための枠組みを確立した.
  • 特定のヒストンPTMが遺伝子発現と細胞過程をどのように調節するかの理解を深めた.
  • エピジェネティクスにおけるヒストンコードの機能的役割を解剖するための新しいツールを提供した.