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MoS2-Confined Rh-Feサイト上でメタンを酸に変換する軽度な条件

  • 0State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society +

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2025年4月15日

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Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane 01:33

2.0K

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

Diazomethane is a yellow gas having a boiling point of −23 °C. It is conveniently prepared by the action of a base on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea or N-methyl-N-nitrosotoluenesulphonamide.
The esterification mechanism involves the protonation of diazomethane by the carboxylic acid to yield a...

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH<sub data-lazy-src=

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Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes 02:36

7.4K

Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.

In the mixture of water and tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran acts as a solvent dissolving the alkene and the aqueous mercuric acetate solution,...

Oxidation of Alcohols 02:37

12.6K

In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:

(i) loss of one or more electrons,
(ii) loss of hydrogen,
(iii) addition of oxygen.

Oxidation is the opposite process of reduction, and hence, as carbonyls are reduced to alcohols, alcohols are oxidized to...

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview 01:31

2.4K

There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid.  Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.

Alkyl benzenes, bearing at least one benzylic hydrogen, can be oxidized using KMnO4 or Na2Cr2O7 to yield benzoic acid exclusively. The reaction is carried out under vigorous conditions such as heat and high oxidant concentration. 
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis 01:14

3.3K

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.

The reaction proceeds via abstraction of the acidic α hydrogen from a ꞵ-diester to produce a doubly stabilized enolate ion. The nucleophilic enolate attacks the alkyl halide in an SN2 manner to form an alkylated malonic ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. Further treating the intermediate with aqueous acid or base results in...