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関連する概念動画

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.2K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.2K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.6K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
1.9K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.0K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.0K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.0K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

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遺伝子発現を解剖し,再プログラムするために,制御DNAを書き換える

Gabriella E Martyn1, Michael T Montgomery1, Hank Jones1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

私たちは新しいCRISPRスクリーニングツール "Variant-EFFECTS"を開発し 制御DNAを正確に編集し 遺伝子発現の変化を測定しました この方法はDNA配列の変異が遺伝子活動にどのように影響し,新しい遺伝子編集療法の可能性を明らかにします.

キーワード:
CRISPRについてRNA フローフィッシュ強化剤遺伝子調節高通量スクリーニングコード化されていない変種予測モデルプライム編集配列設計転写因子

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
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In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

7.7K
Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.4K
In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
08:54

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

7.0K

科学分野:

  • ゲノミクス
  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝子規制

背景:

  • 調節性DNA配列は,転写因子結合を通じて細胞型特異の遺伝子発現を制御する.
  • 調節性DNAの機能的影響とプログラム性を予測することは,分子生物学における重要な課題です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 内生的な調節性DNA要素の機能を解剖するための高通量メソッドを開発する.
  • 制御要素を体系的に再プログラムし,遺伝子発現に対する設計編集の影響を定量化する.

主な方法:

  • 変異効果 (CRISPRターゲティングスクリーンによる流れ分類実験による変異効果) の開発と応用.
  • 特定の遺伝子と細胞の内生的な規制DNAに何百もの設計された編集を導入する.
  • フローソートリングとCRISPRスクリーンを用いた遺伝子発現の変化の定量化.

主要な成果:

  • 2つの遺伝子と2つの細胞タイプにわたる3つの規制要素の解剖と再プログラム
  • 内生結合部位のゲノム文脈特有の影響の特定
  • 転写因子モチーフの細胞型特異的活動と現在の計算予測モデルの限界を明らかにした.
  • 遺伝子の発現を 広いダイナミック範囲で調整することが示されました

結論:

  • Variant-EFFECTSは,規制的なDNA機能を解剖するための一般化可能なツールです.
  • 固有の文脈で精密に遺伝子発現を調整するゲノム編集戦略を特定した.
  • 発見は,精密な遺伝子発現制御のための規制DNAを標的としたプライムエディティングベースの治療法の可能性を示唆しています.