抗生物質の短期的な使用はヒトの腸内細菌を低コストの耐性へと駆り立てます

Eitan Yaffe^1,2, Les Dethlefsen³, Arati V Patankar⁴

¹Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. eitan.yaffe@stanford.edu.

Nature

|April 24, 2025

まとめ

短期間の抗生物質投与は腸内細菌の薬剤耐性の急速な進化を促しますこれらの突然変異は長期にわたって存在し人間の腸を強調しています

科学分野:

微生物学
進化生物学
ゲノミクス

背景:

抗生物質耐性は公衆衛生にとって大きな脅威です
現存するモデルは,耐性進化を研究するための in vivo 条件を十分に反映していない.
抗生物質の管理には生命体内での耐性メカニズムを理解することが重要です

研究の目的:

抗生物質に曝露した後のヒトの腸内細菌における抗菌剤耐性の進化を調査する.
細菌の適応を促すゲノムと生態学的要因を in vivo で特定する.

主な方法:

60人のヒト参加者にシプロフロクサシンを投与した.
縦横の糞便サンプルを採取した.
バクテリアのゲノムを組み立てるための新しい計算方法を使用した.
選択的なスウィップを特定するために数百万の配列変数を分析した.

主要な成果:

513のバクテリア集団を特定し選択的な掃描を行いました
DNAギラゼを標的とした収束進化を観察した.
感受性の高い集団の ~10%がジラーゼ変異によって抵抗性を進化させたことを発見した.
変異は10週間以上も続きました変異は体調を損ねません

結論:

短期間のシプロフロキサシン曝露は,腸内再発者における耐性の急速な進化を促します.
変異は新しいものから発生し長期にわたって持続し簡単に逆転することはありません
人間の腸は抗菌剤耐性の進化を促進する重要な環境です

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