炭素メジャーと気候責任の科学的根拠
Christopher W Callahan1,2, Justin S Mankin3,4,5,6
1Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA. Christopher.W.Callahan.GR@dartmouth.edu.
Nature
|April 24, 2025
まとめ
科学的な証拠は 化石燃料の会社と 気候変動による特定の被害を 明確に結びつけています これは気候責任訴訟の 強力な科学的根拠を確立し 排出者を何兆ドルの経済的損失に 責任を負わせる可能性を高めています
科学分野:
- 気候科学
- 環境法
- 経済学
背景:
- 気候被害を訴えるという問題は 20年間も続いています
- 化石燃料の排出と 特定の気候被害との間の直接的な科学的な関連を確立することは 重要な課題でした
研究 の 目的:
- 気候責任の科学的な証拠を提示する
- 化石燃料の生産者と気候被害を結びつけるエンドツーエンドの 科学的・法的意味合いについて詳しく説明する.
- 気候訴訟における責任の評価のための枠組みを提供すること.
主な方法:
- 主要な化石燃料会社のスコープ1と3の排出データを使用した.
- 適用されたピアレビューされた気候アトリビューションの方法論
- 経済的損失を定量化するために経験的気候経済学の進歩を組み込んだ.
主要な成果:
- 特定の企業と気候関連の経済的損失を結びつけるエンドツーエンドの帰属性の実現性を示した.
- 単一の企業の排出量に起因する熱関連損失を数値化した (例えば,シェブロンは7910億ドル - 3600億ドルの損失に関連している).
- 温暖化に最も責任のない熱帯地域への不均衡な影響を強調した.
結論:
- 気候責任の科学的根拠は 確立されています
- エンドツーエンドの帰属は 気候訴訟の実現可能で透明な枠組みです
- 科学はもはや 気候責任の請求の裁判の妨げにはなりません
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