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関連する概念動画

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

8.8K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
8.8K
Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

11.9K
Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA...
11.9K
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

4.7K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
4.7K
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

6.1K
Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
6.1K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

9.1K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
9.1K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

8.5K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
8.5K

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Updated: May 15, 2025

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
10:07

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

Published on: August 25, 2017

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細胞内のタンパク質の編集

J Trae Hampton1, Wenshe Ray Liu1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

分割されたタンパク質セグメントは,生きている細胞内の様々な標的タンパク質を修正するために使用できます. このタンパク質改変技術は 細胞機能を研究し 操作する新しい方法を提供します

さらに関連する動画

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
09:51

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

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CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.
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CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.

Published on: December 11, 2020

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 15, 2025

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
10:07

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

Published on: August 25, 2017

7.7K
Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
09:51

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

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CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.
07:46

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.

Published on: December 11, 2020

5.7K

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 細胞生物学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • タンパク質の改変は 細胞の機能に不可欠です
  • タンパク質の改変のための既存の方法は,範囲や適用が制限される可能性があります.
  • タンパク質の機能を in vivo で正確に変化させるには 新しいアプローチが必要です

研究 の 目的:

  • 標的タンパク質を改変するための分裂タンパク質の有効性を実証する.
  • タンパク質の多様性を探求する
  • 細胞工学と研究のための新しいツールを確立する.

主な方法:

  • 標的タンパク質に再組みするように設計された分裂したタンパク質の断片を使用します.
  • これらの断片を 生きている細胞に導入します
  • 結果として生じるタンパク質の変化を観察し,定量化する.

主要な成果:

  • 分割されたタンパク質のセグメントが標的タンパク質を再構成し,修正できることを成功裏に実証しました.
  • 多様な細胞タンパク質を 改造する能力を示した
  • 生物の細胞環境における このアプローチの実現可能性を確認しました

結論:

  • 分割されたタンパク質セグメントは 細胞内のタンパク質改変の 強力で適応可能な方法を提供します
  • この技術は,タンパク質の機能を研究し,新しいバイオテクノロジーを開発するための新しい道を開きます.