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Protein Folding01:25

Protein Folding

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Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Upon synthesis, a protein folds into a three-dimensional conformation, critical to its biological function. Interactions between its constituent amino acids guide protein folding, and hence the protein structure is primarily dependent on its amino acid sequence.
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
21.6K
Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding03:00

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

17.6K
The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
17.6K
The DNA Helix01:07

The DNA Helix

18.7K
Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

8.9K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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固体相移行はゲノム折り合いのパラドックスへの解決策として

Joan Pulupa1,2, Natalie G McArthur3, Olga Stathi2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.

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まとめ

ニューロンの長距離ゲノム接触は 安定した 選択的な強化ハブを形成します これらのハブは固体のような生物分子の凝縮物で DNAの配列とタンパク質の相互作用によって導かれ ゲノム構造を説明します

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Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 細胞生物学

背景:

  • 超長距離のゲノム接触は ニューロンのゲノム構造に不可欠ですが 生化学的には謎です
  • 調節性DNA要素は 嗅覚受容体遺伝子調節のようなプロセスで 近い配列よりも 遠方の配列に選択的に接触します

研究 の 目的:

  • 選択的,長距離ゲノム接触の形成の基礎となる生化学的メカニズムを調査する.
  • 嗅覚受容体 (OR) 強化ハブがどのように組み立てられ,その構造を維持するのかを理解する.

主な方法:

  • リコンビネントタンパク質とDNAを用いたOR強化ハブのインビトロ組立
  • 凝縮物の性質を分析するために,細胞なしの溶解測定法.
  • 嗅覚神経細胞 (OSN) 核における単一分子追跡およびパルス追跡実験.

主要な成果:

  • OR増強剤は,体内で固体のような特性を持つ核タンパク質凝縮体を形成する.
  • OR増強剤内の特定のDNAモチーフは コンデンサトの組み立てをオーケストラします.
  • LHX2およびEBF1タンパク質は,OSN核に固体特性を有する転写能力のあるコンデンサートを形成する.

結論:

  • 同性核タンパク質の相互作用は DNA 配列の影響を受け,新しい生物分子凝縮体を生成する.
  • これらの固体コンデンサートは,長距離ゲノム接触の安定性と特異性に対する潜在的な説明を提供します.
  • この発見は,異なる細胞タイプにおけるゲノム組織化モデルを提供している.