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関連する概念動画

Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

2.1K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
2.1K
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

4.6K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
4.6K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

5.7K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
5.7K
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.3K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.3K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.6K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.6K
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

5.9K
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
5.9K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 5, 2026

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
08:30

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Published on: March 19, 2017

16.5K

オルガノカルコゲニド・ハリド・ペロフスキットにおける結合有機カチオンによる相変化と高圧無形化抑制

Jiayi Li1, Jan Hofmann2, Robert M Stolz1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

オルガノカルコゲニド・ハリド・ペロフスキット (RCh-perovskites) は,気温と圧力の変動下では相変化を示さず,著しい構造的安定性を示す. この強化されたフェーズ整合性は,有機カチオンの共振結合に起因し,光電子アプリケーションに不可欠な構造変化を防ぐ.

さらに関連する動画

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
08:12

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

9.5K
Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

12.8K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
08:30

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Published on: March 19, 2017

16.5K
Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
08:12

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

9.5K
Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

12.8K

科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 固体化学
  • クリスタルグラフィー

背景:

  • ポリモルフィズムと相変異はペロブスキート材料で一般的であり,特に光電子装置の性能と安定性に大きく影響する.
  • 伝統的なAPbX3ペロブスキットは,環境条件に近い相変化を経験し,実用的な用途を制限します.
  • オルガノカルコゲニドハリドペロフスキート (RCh-ペロフスキート) は,安定性を高める可能性のある新しい材料のクラスです.

研究 の 目的:

  • 温度と圧力の変動下でのオルガノカルコゲニドハリドペロフスキート (RCh-ペロフスキート) の相変化行動を調査する.
  • RCh-ペロフスキートの相安定に寄与する構造的要因を理解する.
  • 高度な構造的整合性を要求するアプリケーションの RCh-perovskites の可能性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 温度に依存するX線 difraktion (XRD) は4から423Kです.
  • 高圧XRDは40GPaまで
  • (CH3NH3) PbBr3ホストにRChまたはエチラモニウムを組み込むことによる合金研究.
  • スペクトロスコーピーを用いたAサイトカチオンの回転イソメリゼーションの分析.

主要な成果:

  • RCh-ペロフスキットは,試験された温度範囲 (4423 K) と圧力範囲 (040 GPa) にわたって相変化を示さない.
  • 他のペロブスキートとは異なり,RCh-ペロブスキートは40 GPaでも結晶性を維持し,無形化に抵抗します.
  • RCh-ペロフスキットのAサイトカチオンの共性結合は,相転換の重要なメカニズムであるオクターヘッドの傾きを阻害する.
  • RChリガンドの回転性イソメリゼーションは,フレームワークの歪みなしに体積の変化を可能にすることで,構造の安定性に寄与する.

結論:

  • RCh-ペロフスキットの有機カチオンの共性結合は,例外的な構造的完全性と相安定性を提供します.
  • この安定性は,温度と圧力の広い範囲で維持され,従来のペロブスキートと大きく対照的です.
  • 発見は,コヴァレンントAサイトカチオン改変を含む戦略が,高度な技術的なアプリケーションのための相安定ペロブスキットを設計するために使用できることを示唆しています.