耐久力トレーニングで心臓の寸法が変化します. 遺伝子型依存性の兆候
JAMA
|July 5, 1985
まとめ
耐久力トレーニングは,最大限の酸素吸収を大幅に改善します. しかし,左心房の質量増加のような心臓構造の適応は,単離子双子では観察されなかったが,静止状態の個体においてのみ観察され,遺伝子型に依存する反応を示唆した.
科学分野:
- 運動生理学 運動生理学
- 心血管の適応について
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 耐久トレーニングが心臓の構造に与える影響を理解することは,運動能力と心臓血管の健康を最適化するために不可欠です.
- 訓練に対する個々の反応の変動性は,遺伝的要因の潜在的影響を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 20週間の耐久力トレーニングプログラムに対する心臓構造の感受性を調査するために.
- 静止型個体と一卵性双子の間で,耐久トレーニングに対する心臓適応の変動性を評価する.
- 耐久運動に対する心臓の反応を調節するゲノイプの潜在的な役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 20週間の制御された耐久力トレーニングプログラムは,座っている20人の被験者と10組の独生児双子に投与されました.
- トレーニング応答を評価するために,最大酸素摂取量 (VO2 max) を測定しました.
- 左心室の直径,壁の厚さ,終盤透析体積,および質量を含む心臓の寸法が評価されました.
主要な成果:
- 酸素の最大摂取量は,両方のグループで有意に増加し,座っている被験者 (30%) の相対的な増加は,双子 (13%) と比較してより大きい.
- 静止生活をする被験者は,左心室直径,後壁および隔膜の厚さ,終盤立方体積,および左心室質量の有意な増加を示しました.
- モノイゴティック・ツインは,これらの心臓の次元に大きな変化を示さなかったし,彼らの個体間の差異はトレーニング後増加したが,ペア内の類似性も増加した.
結論:
- 心臓の大きさは,静止状態の人間の耐久力トレーニングによって大きく変化します.
- 耐久トレーニングに対する心臓適応の程度と変動性は,遺伝的要因 (遺伝子型依存) によって影響されるようです.
- 耐久力トレーニングは,遺伝的に似ている個体間の心臓の形態学におけるより大きな相違を時間とともに引き起こす可能性があります.
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