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関連する概念動画

Transcription01:17

Transcription

20.6K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
20.6K
Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

4.9K
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
4.9K
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

5.3K
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
5.3K
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

33.2K
DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
33.2K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

10.8K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
10.8K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.4K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.4K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.1K

プロトセルにおけるダイナミック・トランスクリプション・マシーン

Jiantong Dong1, Fan Xia2, Fujian Huang2

  • 1The Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 23, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は人工細胞を 複製装置で設計し 自然な細胞プロセスを真似ています これらの合成システムは,生命の洞察力を提供します.

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Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
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Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

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The Encapsulation of Cell-free Transcription and Translation Machinery in Vesicles for the Construction of Cellular Mimics
10:28

The Encapsulation of Cell-free Transcription and Translation Machinery in Vesicles for the Construction of Cellular Mimics

Published on: October 21, 2013

15.1K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

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Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
11:22

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

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The Encapsulation of Cell-free Transcription and Translation Machinery in Vesicles for the Construction of Cellular Mimics
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The Encapsulation of Cell-free Transcription and Translation Machinery in Vesicles for the Construction of Cellular Mimics

Published on: October 21, 2013

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科学分野:

  • システム化学
  • 合成生物学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • 細胞の循環,代謝,分化などの重要な細胞プロセスを制御する.
  • 細胞プロセスは,増幅,ビスタビリティ,および一時的な行動などのダイナミックな特徴を示します.
  • これらの自然経路を理解し 模倣することは 合成生物学と化学の進歩に不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • トランスクリプション装置を装着した人工原細胞組成の作成における最近の進歩をレビューする.
  • 刺激に反応する転写システムとその統合を様々な原細胞設計に強調する.
  • 触媒とテラノスティクスにおけるこれらのエンジニアリングシステムの潜在的な応用を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 多様な原細胞構造 (リポソーム,マイクロドロップレット,プロテインソーム,マイクロカプセル) に転写機構を統合する.
  • 光,リドックス剤,テンプレートリフィギュレーションによって誘発される刺激反応トランスクリプションシステムの開発.
  • タイムリーモジュールされた振動性転写回路と転写誘導DNAナノチューブダイナミクスの構築.
  • プロトセル組の間のダイナミックなシグナル伝達と通信の実証

主要な成果:

  • 様々な刺激に反応するプロトセルに トランスクリプションマシーンを成功裏に統合する.
  • プロトセル内の振動性転写回路とダイナミックなDNAナノ構造の作成.
  • トランスクリプション媒介による拡散シグナル伝達と,設計された原細胞組の間の通信の展示.
  • モーター・フィラメントの形成と解離のような 細胞の原生過程を模倣する

結論:

  • 転写機構を備えたプロトセル組成は,システム化学における重要な進歩を代表する.
  • これらのシステムは 生命の進化の原理を研究し 新しい応用方法を開発するための プラットフォームを提供します
  • 将来の研究は,これらの生体模倣システムの課題に対処し,実用的な応用を拡大することに焦点を当てるべきです.