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Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

17.9K
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
17.9K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.2K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.2K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

8.1K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
8.1K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.7K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.7K
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

1.9K
The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
1.9K
α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction01:15

α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction

3.0K
The method to achieve α-brominated carboxylic acids using a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and bromine is known as the Hell–Volhard–Zelinski reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by phosphorus tribromide, which can be used directly or produced in situ from red phosphorus and bromine. The mechanism comprises PBr3 catalyzed conversion of acid to acid bromide and hydrogen bromide. The acid bromide enolizes to its enol form in the presence of HBr. The nucleophilic enol attacks the...
3.0K

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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

25.4K

ボリレーションとC−C カップリングの間の反応性の切り替えを可能にする適応パラジウム単原子触媒

Vitthal B Saptal1, Clara Saetta2, Adriana Laufenböck3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 23, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

シンプルなポリメリゼーション方法を用いて 新型単原子触媒 (SAC) を開発しました この触媒は化学反応を正確に制御し 効率的で持続的な合成を 自動カスケード処理で可能にします

さらに関連する動画

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

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科学分野:

  • カタリシス
  • 材料科学
  • 合成化学

背景:

  • 制御可能な機能を持つ単原子触媒 (SAC) の開発は極めて重要ですが,困難です.
  • 既存の方法はしばしば触媒経路の正確な制御が欠けている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 孤立したパラジウム (Pd) の単一の原子を固定するためのアニゾトロプ的調整腔を持つ新しいSACを報告する.
  • 異なる触媒結果の間で切り替え,自己カスケードプロセスを可能にする,触媒の能力を実証する.

主な方法:

  • 2,6-ダイアミノピリジンとシアヌリック塩化物の1段階のポリメリゼーションにより,アニゾトロプ的空洞が生成される.
  • 隔離されたPd単一の原子を空洞内に固定します.
  • 触媒のステップにおける Pd 原子の役割を明らかにするためのメカニズム研究.

主要な成果:

  • 合成されたSACは例外的な安定性と調整可能な反応性を示した.
  • 触媒は反応経路をうまく制御し,ボリレーションとスズキ結合の切り替えを可能にしました.
  • 廃棄物を最小限に抑える複雑な変換の自己カスケードプロセスを実証した.

結論:

  • アニゾトロプ的穴を持つ新しいSACは,触媒経路の正確な制御を提供します.
  • この触媒は自己カスケードプロセスを通して 持続可能で複雑な多段階の変容を可能にします
  • 合成化学を革命的に変えるための触媒工学の可能性を強調しています.