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関連する概念動画

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in...
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Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

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A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
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弾性 の 高い 結晶 に 基づく 分子 熱 機関

Hinako Kato1, Yoji Horii1, Chiharu Watanabe1

  • 1Graduate School of Humanity and Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya-Higashimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 27, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

研究者達は,二酸化ポルフィリン分子から 新しい弾性結晶を開発した. これらの分子結晶は エンジンの役割を果たし 周囲の熱を 継続的な機械的な振動に変換し 新しいエネルギー変換方法を 示しています

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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 分子工学
  • 熱力学について

背景:

  • アクチュエーション材料は,通常,光または化学物質を使用して,エネルギーを機械的な作業に変換します.
  • 材料科学では,環境からの熱操作が重要な課題です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 周囲の熱エネルギーを利用して動かすことができる新しい弾性結晶を導入する.
  • 熱のグラデーションを 機械的な動きに変換する 分子エンジンを演示する

主な方法:

  • 弾性結晶を形成するために,ドデキライドされたポルフィリン分子を合成する.
  • 温度グラデーション (高温と低温の熱源) を含む実験装置.
  • 熱的ストレス下での結晶の変形と振動の観測と測定

主要な成果:

  • 弾性結晶は温度変化に反応して高い柔軟性と著しい変形を示した.
  • 結晶が温度差にさらされたとき,連続した,大きく,急速な振動が観察されました.
  • 波動は維持された温度グラデーションの下で160時間以上 (約390万サイクル) 持続した.

結論:

  • この研究は,環境温度源で動かすエンジンとして機能する最初の分子結晶を提示します.
  • 開発された材料は静的な熱グラデーションから効率的な運動エネルギー抽出を証明しています.
  • これは,周囲の熱エネルギーを利用する自己動力デバイスの開発のための新しい道を開きます.