JoVE - Journal of Visualized Experiments
JoVE Visualize
Contact Us
このページは機械翻訳されています。他のページは英語で表示される場合があります。 View in English

水滴 マイクロライトニング スパークス アルキンのオゾン解析

  • 0College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society +

|

2025年6月25日

PubMedで要約を見る

まとめ

この要約は機械生成です。

関連する概念動画

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis 01:46

11.2K

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.

Ozonolysis proceeds through an oxidative cleavage reaction. The first step is the electrophilic addition of ozone across the alkene double bond, forming an unstable molozonide intermediate, which reacts further to form a carbonyl and a carbonyl oxide. These intermediates...

Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage 02:01

5.7K

Alkynes undergo oxidative cleavage in the presence of oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and ozone. The triple bond — one σ bond and two π bonds — is completely cleaved, and the alkyne is oxidized to carboxylic acids. When warm and basic aqueous potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent, alkynes are first converted to carboxylate salts via an unstable α-diketone intermediate. Further, a mild acid treatment protonates the carboxylate anions...

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation 02:35

10.3K

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.

Addition of HCl to an Alkyne
Mechanism I – Vinylic carbocation Intermediate
The mechanism begins with a proton transfer from HCl to the...

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes 03:08

9.0K

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

Borane as a reagent is very reactive, as the...

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation 02:34

16.4K

Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.

Reaction Mechanism – E2 pathway
Vicinal dihalides
In the first elimination step, the strong base abstracts the proton from the dihalide that is oriented anti to the leaving group. Since E2 reactions follow a...

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation 02:47

19.0K

Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.

Mechanism
The hydroboration-oxidation reaction is a two-step...