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What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
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西ナイル ウイルス: 概要

Carolyn V Gould1, J Erin Staples1, Sarah Anne J Guagliardo1

  • 1Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft Collins, Colorado.

JAMA
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

ウェストナイルウイルス (WNV) は,米国で毎年約1300人の神経侵襲症例と130人の死亡を引き起こします. 予防は,ワクチンや治療法がないため,個人保護と蚊対策に焦点を当てています.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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科学分野:

  • 医療用昆虫学
  • ウイルス学
  • 感染症

背景:

  • ウェストナイルウイルス (WNV) は,米国における蚊媒介疾患の主な原因であり,Culex蚊によって感染する.
  • 米国では年間平均1,300例と130例の WNV 神経侵襲性疾患の症例と死亡者が出ています.
  • ほとんどの感染は無症状であるが,重度の神経侵襲性疾患は,特に高齢者または免疫力が低下した個体では,著しい死亡率と長期的な後遺症を伴う.

研究 の 目的:

  • 西ナイルウイルス病の疫学,感染,臨床的特徴,予防についてまとめます.
  • 米国におけるWNVの公衆衛生への影響を強調する.
  • WNV感染の診断と管理のための臨床的検討を参考にする.

主な方法:

  • WNVの監視データと伝播,臨床表現,アウトカムに関する出版文献のレビュー
  • 血清発生率調査と症例報告の分析
  • 診断検査の勧告と予防戦略の要約

主要な成果:

  • WNVは年間平均1,300人の神経侵襲性疾患の症例と130人の死亡を引き起こします
  • 重篤な病気と死亡のリスク要因には,高齢者,血液学的悪性腫瘍,固体臓器移植,B細胞を枯渇させる治療が含まれます.
  • 稀な感染経路は輸血や臓器移植であり,継続的な監視とスクリーニングが必要である.

結論:

  • WNVは,米国では毎年かなりの罹病率と死亡率で,重要な公衆衛生上の脅威であり続けています.
  • 効果的な予防には 個人身の安全対策,蚊対策,公衆衛生の監視が必要です
  • 現在,WNV病に対する特定の治療法やワクチンはなく,予防の重要性を強調しています.