古代ユーラシアにおけるヒトの病原体の時空分布
Martin Sikora1, Elisabetta Canteri2, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra3
1Centre for Ancient Environmental Genomics and The Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. martin.sikora@sund.ku.dk.
Nature
|July 9, 2025
まとめ
古代のDNA分析は ユーラシア大陸に広がった 病原体の歴史を明らかにしています 約6500年前に家畜を飼いならしたことで 動物から伝染する病気の負担は大きく増加しました
科学分野:
- パレオゲノミクス
- 感染症 疫学
- 人類の歴史
背景:
- 感染症は人類の歴史に 深い影響を及ぼしてきましたが その起源と進化の動態は まだ十分に理解されていません
- 考古学的アプローチは 過去の病原体風景を再構築するための強力な手段を提供します
研究 の 目的:
- 考古学的データを用いてヒトの病原体の時空地図を構成する.
- 家畜の家畜化などの過去の生活様式の変化が感染症の動態に与える影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 3万7千年のユーラシアの歴史を 描いた1313人の古代人の ショットガン・シーケンスデータです
- 既知のヒト病原体を含む古代の細菌,ウイルス,寄生虫のDNAの識別と分類
- 環境と文化の変化に関連した病原体の分布と時間的傾向の分析
主要な成果:
- 広範囲に広がった古代のバクテリア,ウイルス,寄生虫のDNAが検出され,ヒトの既知の病原体を含む3,384のヒット結果が得られました.
- 古代の人類の遺骸に 発見されていない多くの病原菌を特定した
- 動物性感染症の病原体は 約6500年前から発生し,そのピークは5000年前であり,家畜の家畜化と 感染症の負担の増加と一致した.
結論:
- 古代のDNA分析は,家畜の家畜化と動物性感染症の増加を 直接的に結びつける証拠を提供します.
- 病原菌の拡散は,ユーラシアの草原の牧民移動と相関し,その後の千年において著しく拡大した.
- この研究は 人間と病原体の共進化史の理解を 強化しています
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