地球上の地上の窒素の固定と農業による変化
Carla R Reis Ely1,2, Steven S Perakis3, Cory C Cleveland4
1Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. carlargreis@gmail.com.
Nature
|July 16, 2025
まとめ
生物学的窒素固定 (BNF) は生態系にとって不可欠ですが,推定は不確実です. この研究では,サンプル採取のバイアスを修正し,自然BNFが低いが,農業による貢献が顕著であり,世界的な窒素循環の理解に影響を与えています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 生地化学
- 環境科学
背景:
- 生物学的窒素固定 (BNF) は,陸上の生産性にとって不可欠な窒素の主要な天然源です.
- 現在,地球上のBNFの推定値は,大きな不確実性がある.
- 現存するフィールド測定では,窒素を固定する生物を過剰に表現するサンプリングバイアスが示されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 地球上のBNFの推定における不確実性を,サンプリングバイアスを修正する.
- 空間的に明示的なデータを用いて,地球上のBNFの見積もりを改訂する.
- 自然と農業の生態系からのBNFの貢献を区別し,定量化する.
主な方法:
- N-固定ニッチの空間的に明示的な豊富さを用いてBNF測定をアップスケーリングする.
- 多様な生態系における主要な生地化学的な N 固定ニッチのデータを統合する.
- フィールドデータのサンプリングバイアスを修正するための統計分析.
主要な成果:
- 自然の生物は,主に熱帯森林と乾燥地帯で,BNFの推定65 (52-77) TgN−1を提供している.
- 農業システムは,BNFの推定56 (54-58) Tg N−1で大きく貢献しています.
- 農業BNFは,工業化以前の時代から,地上BNFの合計を64%,地上Nの総投入を60%増加させた.
結論:
- 改訂された推定では,以前考えられていたよりも自然生態系でのBNFが低いことが示唆されています.
- 農業BNFは,地球規模の窒素循環の重要かつ増大する要素です.
- BNFは,陸上の炭素吸収場に対してより強力な制御を行使し,一般的に認識されているより大きな農業窒素源を代表し,窒素使用制限に影響を及ぼします.
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