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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Stability of structures01:14

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In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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セラミックオキシドのエントロピー駆動構造進化

Shuo Liu1,2, Chaochao Dun2, Lin Xiong3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 24, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は25要素の高エントロピー陶器を開発し,エントロピーの増加が複雑な陶器の構造と性質を安定させることを実証しました. これは高度なアプリケーションのための材料設計を進めている.

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Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 固体化学
  • コンピュータ材料科学

背景:

  • 高エントロピーセラミック (HEC) は,複数の元素がランダムに結晶学部位を占めるため,多様な特性を有する.
  • エントロピー安定を阻害するエンタルピックバリアにより,異なった元素を持つHECの探索は限られている.
  • 既存のHECは,エントロピーの役割の理解を制限する,少数の類似した要素を含んでいる.

研究 の 目的:

  • 複雑な高エントロピーのセラミクスをモデル化し,実験的に実現する.
  • 陶器の構造と構成の障害に対するエントロピーの増加の影響を調査する.
  • 構成的に複雑なセラミック材料のエントロピー駆動による安定化に関する洞察を提供する.

主な方法:

  • フロライト結晶構造の密度関数理論 (DFT) モデリング (1-10要素).
  • 異なる金属含有量 (1,3,8,15,25元素) のフッ素酸化物ナノ構造の実験合成
  • 元素の組成とエントロピーの関数として構造的および熱的性質の特徴づけ.

主要な成果:

  • 希土,移行,アルカリ,pブロック,貴金属を含む25の多様な元素のHECのモデル化と合成に成功しました.
  • エントロピーの増加と構造的/構成的障害の上昇との相関が証明された.
  • 格子歪み,結晶性,均質性,欠陥密度,熱安定性の変化が観察された.

結論:

  • エントロピーは構成的に複雑な陶器の安定化に重要な役割を果たします.
  • 開発された25要素のHECは,複合性の記録を表しています.
  • この研究は,高エントロピー材料の理解と潜在的応用を拡大します.