介護施設の高齢者の転倒防止のための介入
Suzanne M Dyer1, Wing S Kwok2, Jenni Suen1
1Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|August 20, 2025
まとめ
医療施設での転倒を減らす可能性が高い. ビタミンDのサプリメントは 転倒率を低くし 栄養介入は 転倒や骨折のリスクを低減します
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジー
- 公衆衛生
- 臨床的介入
背景:
- 介護施設で暮らす高齢者の病気と死亡の大きな原因は 転倒です
- このレビューは 介護施設での介入に焦点を当てた更新版です
研究 の 目的:
- 介護施設の高齢者の転倒率を減らすための介入の利益と害を評価する.
主な方法:
- 68,964人の参加者によるランダム化比較試験 (RCT) を含め,高齢者 (65歳以上) のケアの施設での転倒予防への介入を評価した.
- データ分析は,介入の種類と認知状態に基づいて実施されたサブグループ分析により,率比とリスク比を計算した.
- バイアスのリスクは既知のツールを使用して評価され,証拠の確実性はGRADEを使用して評価されました.
主要な成果:
- パーソナライズされた介護や スタッフの関与などに 合わせた多面的な介入は 転倒率や転倒のリスクを減らす可能性があり 費用対効果が高くなります
- 運動の介入はおそらく,転倒率と転倒のリスクを軽減しますが,持続しない場合の効果は減少します. 活発な運動は認知障害のある人に有益です.
- ビタミンDサプリメントは落下率を低下させ,栄養介入 (乳製品など) は落下や骨折のリスクを低下させる可能性があります. 薬の最適化は 転倒率に最小限の影響を及ぼしました
結論:
- パーソナライズされた多要素介入と 継続的な運動プログラムは 介護施設での転倒予防の効果的な戦略です
- ビタミンDと栄養補助は有望ですが 薬の最適化は 転倒を減らすのに 効果的ではないようです
- さらなる研究が必要で,特に様々な介入の費用対効果と長期的な影響について,証拠の確実性に注意を払う必要があります.
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