幼少期の言葉学習における選択的注意力:自然主義的なエゴ中心的なシーンを見るためのアイトラッキング研究
1Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
まとめ
赤ちゃんは目に見える物体に 注目することで 物の名前を覚えるのです 日常の学習環境の複雑さを 乗り越えるのに役立ちます
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 認知科学
- 言語学
背景:
- 幼児の言語学習には 発話された言葉を 認識された物と結びつける必要があります
- 自然主義的な環境では,多数のオブジェクトと単語が提示され,ワード・リファレンスのマッピングが複雑になります.
- 幼児の視覚的注意を 理解することが 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 自然主義的な文脈で物体の名前を学ぶときの幼児の注意を調査する.
- 幼児の視覚的選択に影響を与える要因を特定する.
- 初期の言葉の習得における視覚的特徴とラベルの役割を評価する.
主な方法:
- 12ヶ月の赤ん坊で 目の追跡実験を行いました
- 親と子供の遊びの間に 自己中心的なビデオから複雑な視覚的なシーンをプレゼンします.
- オブジェクトの性質が異なる曖昧で曖昧でない命名イベントからのシーンの選択.
- 赤ちゃんのリアルタイムで物事を見つめる行動の測定
主要な成果:
- 幼児の視覚的注意は 選択的に変化します
- 視覚的注意は,オブジェクトの視覚的顕著さによって強く影響されます.
- 注意は,ラベルの存在や事前の単語知識によって大きく影響されません.
- 赤ちゃんは目に見える物体に 注目します
結論:
- 幼児の選択的注意は 視覚的特異性によって導かれ 複雑な環境の中で 単語の学習を簡素化します
- 視覚的特徴は 言語のヒントだけでなく 幼児の言葉の習得の初期に 焦点を当てます
- このメカニズムは,オブジェクト名を参照元にマッピングする際の不確実性を効果的に軽減します.
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