初等医療における看護師による低価値ケアの使用の評価
Sara B Nugent1, Roberta P Lavin, Jongwon Lee
1University of New Mexico College of Nursing, 1650 University Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102.
The American journal of managed care
|August 20, 2025
まとめ
急性上呼吸器感染症の腰部X線と抗生物質を含む初等医療における低価値ケア (LVC) の看護師 (NP) の使用は,他の臨床医と同等であった. 患者の年齢は,LVCの使用に影響を与えますが,練習場所や性別は影響しません.
科学分野:
- 主要な医療研究
- 医療サービス研究
- 臨床品質の向上
背景:
- 低価値ケア (LVC) は,プライマリケアにおける大きな課題であり,医療費の増大と患者への潜在的な害をもたらしています.
- 医療従事者 (NPs) といった様々な医療提供者の間で LVCの発生率と原因を理解することは,標的を絞った介入にとって極めて重要です.
- 賢明に選択するイニシアチブは,LVCサービスを特定し,減らすための枠組みを提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- NPのベースラインの流行を決定するには,一般的な3つのプライマリケアLVCサービス:腰部X線,急性上呼吸器感染症 (aURI) の抗生物質,および通常の心電図 (ECG) を利用する.
- 診療所の場所 (田舎/都市) と患者の人口 (年齢,性別) がNP LVCの使用に及ぼす影響を調査する.
- 一般的な臨床医集団で報告されたNP LVCの流行率を比較する.
主な方法:
- 2021年のMerative MarketScan商用およびメディケアデータベースの14,579人の成人の受益者からの請求データを使用して,横断的二次データ分析が行われました.
- 野外診療の主張は,ICD - 10とCPTのコードを使用して,腰部X線,aURIに対する抗生物質,および通常のECGの使用を特定するために分析されました.
- 統計的方法を用いて,NP LVCの使用と介護状態,田舎と都市の診療場所,受益者の性別と年齢との関連を調べた.
主要な成果:
- 低値腰部X線 (13%),aURI抗生物質 (42%),ECG (6%) のNP使用率は,既存の文献より低いか,または比較可能であることが判明しました.
- 45歳以上の成人を調べると,この関連性は減少したものの,高齢の受益者の年齢は,低値EKGの使用の増加と有意に関連していた (P < .001).
- NP LVCの使用と実践の場所 (農村-都市) または受益者の性別との間には統計的に有意な関係はありませんでした.
結論:
- 一般的なプライマリーケアLVCの利用率は,一般の臨床医の利用率と同等またはそれより低いようです.
- MarketScanのデータベースは,地方の保健医療の提供を過小評価している可能性があり,代替データソースを使用してNP LVCと都市環境の関係を再評価する必要があることを示唆しています.
- NPに特異的な特徴を調査するさらなる研究が推奨され,NPの実践におけるLVCの実施の効果的な戦略を策定する.
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