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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells
14:37

Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells

Published on: November 5, 2014

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イオン性炭素窒素の光触媒活動は,カチオン調節されたダークエクシトンダイナミクスによって制御される

Arindam Konar1,2, Johannes Liessem3, Changbin Im3

  • 1Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

ポリヘプタジンイミド (PHI) は調節可能な光触媒活性を示します. カチオン選択はエクシトンダイナミクスと層間相互作用に影響を与え,過酸化水素の生産のための効率的なPHI光触媒の設計を導く.

キーワード:
炭酸塩ダークエクシトン光触媒ポリヘプタジンイミド暫定吸収スペクトロスコーピー

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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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