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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.6K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.6K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.1K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.2K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.2K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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光誘発性ポリメリゼーションと固形スティルベン乳酸塩の脱ポリメリゼーション

Yong-Liang Su1, Wei Xiong1, Timothy M Hunter1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

この研究では,光を用いた制御されたポリメリゼーションとデポリメリゼーションを可能にする光スイッチ可能なサイクルモノマーを提示しています. この技術革新は 適応性のある持続可能なポリマー材料を 作るための新しい道を開きます

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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

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Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers
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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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科学分野:

  • ポリマー化学
  • 材料科学
  • 写真化学

背景:

  • 光スイッチ可能なポリマーは,ポリメリゼーションに対する外部刺激制御を提供します.
  • ポリメリゼーションとデポリメリゼーションを制御することは,高度な材料設計の鍵です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 固形スティルベンのサイクルモノマーを用いた光交換可能なリング開封ポリメリゼーション (ROP) システムを開発する.
  • モノマーリングのストレインとポリメリゼーションのダイナミクスに対するE/Z光イソメリゼーションの影響を調査する.
  • 耐久性のあるポリマーを作り 熱的,光学的,反応性のある特性を生み出します

主な方法:

  • 異なるリンク長を持つ硬性スティルベンラクトンの合成.
  • 光刺激下でのポリメリゼーションと脱ポリメリゼーションの評価.
  • フォトイソメリゼーション効果を理解するための密度関数理論 (DFT) の計算

主要な成果:

  • フォトスイッチ可能な固形スティルベン・ラクトンの合成に成功
  • 光制御されたポリメリゼーションとデポリメリゼーションの実証
  • ポリマーは液体結晶性を含む調節可能な熱的および光学的性質を示した.
  • DFT計算は,ROPの制御におけるE/Z光イソメリゼーションの役割を確認した.

結論:

  • 固形スティルベンの単体基を基にした新しい光学的に交換可能な ROP システムが確立されました.
  • このシステムは,ポリマーの性質を動的に制御し,モノメアの回復を可能にします.
  • この発見は 適応性のある持続可能なポリマー材料の 設計への道を開きます