MUC19遺伝子:再発的な内侵入と自然選択の進化史
Fernando A Villanea1, David Peede2,3,4, Eli J Kaufman5
1Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
まとめ
デニソヴァン型のMUC19遺伝子のハプロタイプは,現代のヒトで発見され,ネアンデルタール人の侵入の証拠を示しています. この古代の遺伝子変異は ポジティブ・セレクションで アメリカ先住民の集団に 高い頻度で存在しています
科学分野:
- 遺伝学
- パレオゲノミクス
- 人間 の 進化
背景:
- MUC19遺伝子は,様々な生物学的機能に不可欠な糖タンパク質であるムシンをコードする.
- 現代のヒトの集団の中には,MUC19遺伝子のデニソヴァン型のハプロタイプがある.
- このようなハプロタイプの起源と進化史を理解することは,ヒトの集団遺伝学にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒト集団におけるデニソヴァン型のMUC19ハプロタイプの流行と起源を調査する.
- このハプロタイプに作用する 進化的圧力を決定する
- MUC19ハプロタイプの内進源 (ネアンデルタール人とデニソヴァン) を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- デニソバン型MUC19ハプロタイプに関連する診断変異の分析.
- 混在したアメリカ人と古代アメリカ先住民における頻度評価.
- ハプロタイプ内の30塩基対のタンデムリピートにおけるコピー数変化の調査.
- ネアンデルタール人とデニソワ人のゲノムとの比較分析
主要な成果:
- デニソヴァン型のMUC19ハプロタイプは,混入されたアメリカ人に頻繁に見られ,混入前の古代の先住民族アメリカ人に最も頻繁に見られます.
- このハプロタイプはポジティブ・セレクション下にあり,特定のタンデム・リピートのコピー数が増加している.
- この複製の複製数は,混在したアメリカ人の集団で観察されています.
- デニソヴァン型のMUC19ハプロタイプはネアンデルタール人の内向性を示唆するネアンデルタール人の一部に存在しています.
結論:
- デニソヴァン型のMUC19ハプロタイプは デニソヴァンではなく ネアンデルタール人を通じて現代人に侵入した可能性が高い.
- ポジティブ・セレクションと複製数の増加は,適応上の利点をもたらします.
- この発見は 人類の遺伝的多様性への影響を 理解するのに役立ちます
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