短期間の禁煙が手術後の合併症に与える影響:体系的なレビューとメタ解析
Evan Tang1, Ray Martinez Rodriguez1, Ananya Srivastava1
1Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Journal of clinical anesthesia
|August 21, 2025
まとめ
手術前に少なくとも2~4週間禁煙すると,手術後の合併症が著しく減少します. この短期的な禁煙は 肺や傷の合併症や死亡率のリスクを 低減します
科学分野:
- 医学研究
- 手術の結果
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 喫煙は手術の合併症の主な危険因子です
- 手術前評価クリニックは介入のための重要な窓 (2~4週間前) を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 短期的な禁煙が手術後の結果に与える影響を体系的に検討し,メタ分析する.
- 手術前の2~4週間の期間に集中する.
主な方法:
- 55件の研究の体系的レビューとメタ解析
- MEDLINE,Embase, コクラン 統制試験中央登録, コクラン 系統的レビューデータベースで検索しました.
- 術前の禁煙期間が定められた手術を受けた成人を含む.
主要な成果:
- 2週間以上の禁煙は肺合併症を 27% 減少させた.
- 4週間以上停止すると,傷の合併症リスクは33%,複合合併症リスクは31%低下しました.
- 死亡リスクは停止後 ≥4週間で14%減少し,手術部位の感染症や出血に有意な影響はなかった.
結論:
- 手術前の短期的な禁煙 (≥ 2 - 4週間) は有益です.
- 手術後の結果が徐々に改善されます.
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